Value Stream Mapping is a material & information flow map. It’s also a tool for visualizing processes that need improvement.
A Cause and Effect Diagram (aka Ishikawa, Fishbone) showing possible causes (process inputs) for a given effect (process outputs).
We use confidence intervals to determine the degree of certainty that the sample group accurately represents the entire population.
A Paired T Distribution, Paired T-Test, Paired Comparison test, and Paired Sample Test compares the mean & standard deviation of two groups.
One Sample T Hypothesis Test (Student’s T Test) are used to resolve hypothesis tests around comparing process means ( sample size to be <30)